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    • 1. Who are the press councils?
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Iceland

Kristinn HalgrimssonSiðareglur Blaðamannafélags Íslands

1. grein

Blaðamaður leitast við að gera ekkert það, sem til vanvirðu má telja fyrir stétt sína eða stéttarfélag, blað eða fréttastofu. Honum

ber að forðast hvaðeina sem rýrt gæti álit almennings á starfi blaðamanns eða skert hagsmuni stéttarinnar. Blaðamaður skal jafnan

sýna drengskap í skiptum sínum við starfsfélaga.

2. grein

Blaðamanni er ljós persónuleg ábyrgð á öllu sem hann skrifar. Hann hefur í huga að almennt er litið á hann sem blaðamann þó að

hann komi fram utan síns eiginlega starfssviðs, í riti eða ræðu. Blaðamaður virðir nauðsynlegan trúnað við heimildarmenn sína.

3. grein

Blaðamaður vandar upplýsingaöflun sína, úrvinnslu og framsetningu svo sem kostur er og sýnir fyllstu tillitssemi í vandasömum

málum. Hann forðast allt, sem valdið getur saklausu fólki, eða fólki sem á um sárt að binda, óþarfa sársauka eða vanvirðu.

4. grein

Það telst mjög alvarlegt brot þiggi blaðamaður mútur eða hafi í hótunum vegna birtingar efnis. Blaðamenn skulu hafa ríkt í huga

hvenær almennt öryggi borgaranna, sérstakir hagsmunir almennings eða almannaheill krefst nafnbirtingar. Í frásögnum af dómsog

refsimálum skulu blaðamenn virða þá meginreglu laga að hver maður er talinn saklaus þar til sekt hans hefur verið sönnuð.

5. grein

Blaðamaður varast að lenda í hagsmunaágreiningi, til dæmis með því að flytja fréttir eða frásagnir af fyrirtækjum eða hagsmunasamtökum

þar sem hann á sjálfur aðild. Hann skal fyrst og síðast gæta hagsmuna lesenda og sóma blaðamannastéttarinnar í hverju

því sem hann tekur sér fyrir hendur í nafni starfs síns. Blaðamaður hefur í skrifum sínum sannfæringu sína að leiðarljósi. Hann

gætir þess að rugla ekki saman ritstjórnarlegu efni, sem hefur augljóst upplýsinga- og fræðslugildi, og auglýsingum í myndum

og/eða máli. Siðareglur þessar setja ekki hömlur á tjáningafrelsi blaðamanna sem skrifa undir fullu nafni afmarkaða þætti í

fjölmiðlum, til dæmis gagnrýni, þar sem persónulegar skoðanir höfundar eru í fyrirrúmi.

6. grein

Hver sá sem telur að blaðamaður hafi brotið framangreindar reglur og á hagsmuna að gæta, getur kært ætlað brot til Siðanefndar

BÍ innan 2ja mánaða frá birtingu enda sé mál vegna birtingarinnar ekki rekið fyrir almennum dómstólum á sama tíma.

Áður skal hann þó leita leiðréttingar mála sinna hjá viðkomandi fjölmiðli. Þó getur Siðanefnd úrskurðað um undanþágur frá

leiðréttingarkröfum vegna annarra aðstæðna.

Siðanefndin tekur kæruna fyrir á fundi innan viku og kveður upp rökstuddan úrskurð svo fljótt sem kostur er.

Taki Siðanefnd kærumál til efnislegrar athugunar skal hún kanna heildarumfjöllun um málið í hinum kærða fjölmiðli. Kærða skal

gefinn kostur á að gera grein fyrir sjónarmiði sínu.

Siðanefnd greinir brot í flokka eftir eðli þeirra:

a) ámælisvert

b) alvarlegt

c) mjög alvarlegt

Úrskurði Siðanefndar verður ekki áfrýjað. Úrskurð Siðanefndar ásamt rökstuðningi skal birta í heild í Félagstíðindum BÍ svo fljótt

sem verða má. Úrskurð Siðanefndar skal senda viðkomandi fjölmiðli við fyrsta hentugleika og með ósk um birtingu ef um brot

samkv. skilgreiningu b) og c) er að ræða. Þremur dögum seinna skal senda úrskurðinn öðrum fjölmiðlum.

Meginniðurstaða nefndarinnar skal birt orðrétt. Við framsetningu frétta af úrskurðum Siðanefndar sýna blaðamenn alla þá aðgát

sem reglur þessar ætlast til. sbr. 1. og 2. grein að framan.

Nú telur stjórn BÍ að gengnum úrskurði Siðanefndar að brot sé svo alvarlegt að frekari ráðstafana sé þörf og getur hún þá borið

undir félagsfund tillögu um vítur á viðkomandi blaðamann enda sé þeirrar ætlunar getið í fundarboði.

Nú bera ummæli ekki með sér hver sé höfundur þeirra eða viðkomandi blaðamaður er utan BÍ og gengur þá úrskurður svo sem

ritstjóri og/eða ábyrgðarmaður eigi beina aðild að. Þótt enginn þessara aðila sé í BÍ getur Siðanefnd allt að einu lagt fram rökstutt

álit um kæruefni.

Samþykkt með síðustu breytingum á aðalfundi BÍ 1991

ENGLISH VERSION

In their work, journalists of all media must constantly bear in mind the basic rules of human relations, and the public's right to information, freedom of expression and criticism.

Clause 1
A journalist aims to do nothing which may bring his profession or professional organisation, newspaper or newsroom, into disrepute. He must avoid anything which may be deleterious to the public's opinion of the journalist's work, or damage the interests of the profession. A journalist must always be honourable in his dealings with colleagues.

Clause 2
A journalist is aware of his personal responsibility for all that he writes. He bears in mind that he is generally perceived as a journalist, even when not expressing himself as such, in writing or the spoken word. A journalist respects necessary the confidentiality of his sources.

Clause 3
A journalist observes the highest possible standards in gathering information, processing this information, and in presenting it, and shows the utmost tact in sensitive cases. He avoids all that may cause unnecessary pain or humiliation to the innocent, or those who have suffered.

Clause 4
Should a journalist accept a bribe or use threats in connection with publication of material, this is counted a very serious violation. Journalists must always be conscious of when names should be published for the sake of public safety, or in the public interest. In accounts of legal and criminal cases, journalists must observe the general rule that every person is innocent until proven guilty.

Clause 5
A journalist must do his best to avoid conflicts of interest, for instance by not reporting on companies or interest groups in which he himself is involved. He must primarily serve the interests of the reader, and the honour of the journalistic profession in all that he undertakes under the aegis of his job.

A journalist writes always on the basis of his convictions. He makes sure not to confuse editorial material of clear informative and educational value with advertising in pictorial and / or written form.

This code of ethics does not limit the freedom of expression of journalists who write, under their full name, clearly defined items in newspapers, e.g. criticism, where the writer's personal views are of the essence.

Clause 6
Any person who believes that a journalist has offended against the above code, and whose interests are at stake, can make a complaint to the Ethics Committee of the Icelandic Union of Journalists within two months of publication, provided the item published is not the subject of court action at the same time.

The complainant must, however, previously have sought redress from the organ (newspaper, broadcasting company) in question. The Ethics Committee can, however, decide to make an exception to the rule on seeking redress, due to other circumstances. The Ethics Committee shall discuss the matter at a meeting within one week and shall announce a well-grounded ruling as soon as possible.

When the Ethics Committee undertakes to investigate a complaint, it must take into account the overall coverage of the matter in the medium against which be given the complaint has been made. The respondent shall be given the opportunity to explain his view of the matter.

The Ethics Committee recognises three categories of violation, according to their nature:
a) reprehensible
b) serious
c) very serious.

No appeal can be made against the Ethics Committee's ruling. The ruling of the Ethics Committee, together with the grounds and arguments of the ruling, shall be published as soon as possible in the journalists' union periodical. The Ethics Committee's ruling shall be sent to the organ in question at the first opportunity, with a request for publication in the case of an offence in category b) or c). Three days later, the ruling shall be sent to other media.

The principal ruling of the committee shall be published word for word. In presentation of news on rulings from the Ethics Committee, journalists shall observe all precautions which this code lays down, cp. clauses 1 and 2 above.
 
Should the committee of the Union of journalists feel, after the Ethics Committee has ruled, that a violation is so serious that further action is required, it may submit a proposal for sanctions against the journalist in question to a meeting of the members, provided that the intention to do so has been mentioned in the announcement of the meeting.

In the case that an article is not clearly attributable to a writer, or that the journalist in question is not a member of the Union of Journalists, the Ethics Committee's ruling shall apply to the editor or guarantor as directly concerned. Even if none of these individuals is a member of the Union of Journalists, the Ethics Committee can still make a ruling on a complaint.

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